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__NOTOC__ James Albert Bonsack (October 9, 1859,〔(Ancestry of James Albert Bonsack ). URL last accessed 2006-10-11.〕〔(U.S. patent 238,640 ), with diagrams. URL last accessed 2006-10-11.〕 – June 2, 1924) was an American inventor who invented the first cigarette rolling machine in 1880. Prior to that time, cigarettes had been rolled by hand. Readymade cigarettes were a luxury item, but became increasingly popular.〔Bennett, W.: ''(The Cigarette Century )'', ''Science 80'', September/October 1980. URL last accessed 2006-10-11.〕 The slow manual fabrication process—a skilled cigarette roller could produce only about four cigarettes per minute on average〔(Bonsack's cigarette machine ). URL last accessed 2006-10-11.〕—was insufficient to satisfy the demands in the 1870s. In 1875, the Allen and Ginter company in Richmond, Virginia, offered a prize of US$ 75,000 for the invention of a machine able to roll cigarettes. Bonsack took up the challenge and left school to devote his time to building such a machine.〔 In 1880, he had a first working prototype, which was destroyed by a fire while in storage at Lynchburg, Virginia.〔 Bonsack rebuilt it and filed a patent application on September 4, 1880.〔 The patent was granted the following year (U.S. patents 238,640〔 from March 8, 1881 and 247,795〔(U.S. patent 247,795 ), with diagrams. URL last accessed 2006-10-11〕 from October 4, 1881). Bonsack's machine was able to produce 120,000 cigarettes in 10 hours,〔 (200 per minute), revolutionizing the cigarette industry.〔 File:Bonsack Machine Model.JPG|Bonsack machine model File:James Albert Bonsack.JPG|Photo of James Albert Bonsack == Trivia == The census-designated place of Bonsack, Virginia, located in Roanoke County, was named after James Bonsack, who lived in this town located along route 460 between Roanoke and Bedford.〔''(Prince Edward County seal – wheat sheaf vs tobacco hand )'', ''The Farmville Herald,'' Prince Edward County, September 24, 2004〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「James Albert Bonsack」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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